In Ayurveda
In Ayurveda, Bitter Melon, also known as Karela, is revered
for its potent bitter taste, which is linked to its ability to
balance Kapha and Pitta doshas. Ayurveda associates
bitterness with stimulating digestive fire (Agni), clearing
toxins (Ama) from the body, and purifying the blood. Bitter
melon is classified as having tikta rasa (bitter taste), which is
beneficial for improving appetite, digestion, and
metabolism. In Ayurveda, even though it is characterized by
a bitter flavor, and thus a signal that it balances Kapha and
Pita doshas, Bitter Melon is actually considered tridoshic—
good for balancing all three doshas.
Bitter melon is commonly used for blood sugar balance, as
Ayurvedic practitioners believe it has the ability to regulate
blood sugar by reducing excess Kapha, which is linked to
obesity and sluggish metabolism. Additionally, it is used in
formulations for skin health, digestive support, and
respiratory wellness, and is considered to have rejuvenating
(rasayana) qualities that support the immune system.
The Chemistry
There are several compounds that have been identified as
possibly being main actives, including a polypeptide dubbed
“plant insulin”, polypeptide P, or p-insulin. Other important
compounds are present including charantin, a mixture of two
steroid glycosides, which is believed to play a role in blood
sugar balance. Vicine is a glycoside present that also has
been found to support blood sugar balance.
Other bioactives include the cucurbitacins, bitter compounds with
liver and other wellness supporting activies; as well as, saponins
and flavonoids, both known antioxidants that can balance
oxidative stress in the body.